Leafy Spurge

reproduces readily by seeds that have a high germination rate and may remain viable in the soil for at least seven years. Its seed capsules open explosively, dispersing seed up to 15 feet from the parent plant. It also has an extensive root system.
is exteremly difficult to eradicate because of its persistent nature and ability to regenerate from small pieces of root. It is an aggressive invader and, once present, can completely overtake large areas of open land.
produces a milky latex that is poisonous to some animals and can cause blistering and irritation on skin. The digestive tract is similarly affected when this plant is eaten. In cattle it causes scours and weakness. When ingested in larger amounts, it can cause death. Cattle usually refuse to eat leafy spurge unless it is given to them in dry, weedy hay, or when better forage is not available.

A well-developed food storage system in leafy spurge roots enables the plant to tolerate cultivation and frequent mowing. Small areas can be managed by digging or hoeing, however, this will only stop the plant from producing viable seed. Direct contact by hand pulling is not advisable due to the milky sap present in the plant.
Herbicides can be effective if applied in June, when the flowers and seeds are developing, or in early to mid-September, when the plants are moving nutrients downward into the roots. Preliminary research suggests that chemical treatment in the fall followed by a spring burn to reduce seed germination and may be an effective strategy for reducing leafy spurge infestations. Multiple herbicide treatments are often necessary every year for several years, making control an extremely expensive undertaking. If left uncontrolled for a single year, leafy spurge can re-infest rapidly. Historically, the most cost-effective herbicide treatment has been a tank mix of Tordon (picloram) at 1 to 2 pints per acre plus 2,4-D at 1 quart in June during flowering and repeated annually. Tordon is a restricted use herbicide and can only be obtain and applied by a licensed applicator. Banvel, Krenite S, Roundup, and Plateau are other products labeled for use. No single treatment will eradicate this weed. Always read and follow the label when using any herbicide.